Calcium and Vitamin D Controversies
Controversies regarding appropriate use of vitamin D and calcium are predominately related to the extraskeletal effects. Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health. The concerns regarding calcium and…
Emerging Therapies for Osteoporosis
This article reviews the conceptual framework for agents that are antiresorptive or anabolic, including pathways that affect bone formation and resorption, and the steps in those pathways that are targets…
Duration of Treatment in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: How Long to Treat and What are the Consequences of Cessation of Treatment?
Although a variety of medications are effective for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, there is concern that long-term use may incur side effects. Consequently, some have proposed discontinuing or temporarily…
Neoplasm Mimics of Rheumatologic Presentations: Sialadenitis, Ocular Masquerade Syndromes, Retroperitoneal Fibrosis, and Regional Pain Syndromes
This article reviews a group of miscellaneous malignant conditions that may mimic rheumatologic diseases. Primary salivary gland cancer as well as lymphoproliferative conditions such as lymphoma and IgG4 related syndromes…
Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Vasculitis, Vasculopathy, and Hypercoagulability
Rheumatologists are often consulted regarding both typical and atypical vasculitides, vasculopathies, and hypercoagulability. It is important to keep in mind that all of these can come from neoplastic or paraneoplastic…
Neoplastic/Paraneoplastic Dermatitis, Fasciitis, and Panniculitis
Changes of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat can occur in the setting of internal malignancy. When a particular cutaneous disorder is strongly associated with, and parallels the course of,…
Paraneoplastic Myalgias and Myositis
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of acquired, heterogeneous, connective tissue diseases that mainly affect skeletal muscle. Characteristic clinical and histopathologic features allow their classification into polymyositis, dermatomyositis,…
Rheumatic Manifestations of Primary and Metastatic Bone Tumors and Paraneoplastic Bone Disease
Bone tumors can simulate a wide range of rheumatic disorders, delaying tumor diagnosis and therefore the probability of cure. This review describes the clinical presentation of primary and metastatic bone…
Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Synovitis
Malignant disease often needs to be considered in the initial evaluation of patients with synovitis. Cancer can affect the synovium directly, either as a primary tumor or as a metastasis….
Serologic Laboratory Findings in Malignancy
Autoantibodies are extremely promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer, and have the potential to promote early diagnosis and to make a large impact by improving patient outcome and decreasing…
