Vitamin D physiology has gained more importance and publicity than any of its counterparts in the water- and fat-soluble vitamin groups combined. This is partly because vitamin D deficiency is…
This article discusses the amount of vitamin D supplementation needed and the desirable 25-hydroxyvitamin D level to be achieved for optimal fracture prevention. Vitamin D modulates fracture risk in 2…
Two rare genetic diseases can cause rickets in children. The critical enzyme to synthesize calcitriol from 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the circulating hormone precursor, is 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (1α-hydroxylase). When this enzyme is…
Vitamin D is obtained from cutaneous production when 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) by ultraviolet B radiation or by oral intake of vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol) and…
Osteomalacia is an end-stage bone disease of chronic and severe vitamin D or phosphate depletion of any cause. Its importance has increased because of the rising incidence of vitamin D…
The mother is the major source of circulating 25-OHD concentrations in the young infant. Thus maternal vitamin D status is an important factor in determining the vitamin D status of…
The unique cis -triene structure of vitamin D and related metabolites makes it susceptible to oxidation, ultraviolet (UV) light-induced conformational changes, heat-induced conformational changes, and attacks by free radicals. Vitamin…
The actions of the vitamin D hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that functions to…
The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , affects mineral homeostasis and has numerous other diverse physiologic functions including effects on growth of cancer cells and…
This article draws conclusions about pinpointing the actual onset of disease and when interventions should start to occur. The identification of necessary biomarkers will be discussed. We will also examine…
