Suken A. Shah and David H. Clements III Summary Posterior correction of the three-dimensional deformity of idiopathic scoliosis requires selection of levels to instrument, appropriate placement of anchors that…
Keith Bachmann and Peter O. Newton Summary Anterior release and fusion of the spine is an important technique for pediatric spine surgeons. While infrequently employed, the release or removal…
Walter Klyce and Paul D. Sponseller Summary Halo traction can be a powerful preoperative, perioperative, or intraoperative tool to aid in the correction of scoliotic curves. Pre- or perioperative…
Alvin H. Crawford, Patrick J. Cahill, and Jason B. Anari Summary The clinical and radiographic evaluation of the pediatric patient with spinal deformity starts with a thorough history to…
René M. Castelein and Jack C. Y. Cheng Summary Despite many years of dedicated research into the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, not one single cause for this classic…
Kevin Wang, Michael G. Vitale, Elle MacAlpine, and John M. “Jack” Flynn Summary The aviation and sports industries have demonstrated the value of dedicated, experienced teams to improve the…
T. Barrett Sullivan and Peter O. Newton Summary Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has long been understood as a three-dimensional (3D) deformity. Two-dimensional (2D) imaging techniques have historically been limited…
Joseph M. Lombardi and Lawrence G. Lenke Summary This chapter serves to educate the reader on the historical evolution, modern-day systems, and future applications of classification systems for the…
Carl-Eric Aubin and David W. Polly, Jr. Summary Scoliosis was classically seen as only a coronal plane deformity, but we now know this deformity is much more complex and…
Michael G. Vitale and Benjamin Roye Summary Although the nonsurgical management of scoliosis has a history that extends back hundreds, if not thousands, of years, the interest and evidence…
