T. Barrett Sullivan and Peter O. Newton Summary Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has long been understood as a three-dimensional (3D) deformity. Two-dimensional (2D) imaging techniques have historically been limited…
Joseph M. Lombardi and Lawrence G. Lenke Summary This chapter serves to educate the reader on the historical evolution, modern-day systems, and future applications of classification systems for the…
Carl-Eric Aubin and David W. Polly, Jr. Summary Scoliosis was classically seen as only a coronal plane deformity, but we now know this deformity is much more complex and…
Michael G. Vitale and Benjamin Roye Summary Although the nonsurgical management of scoliosis has a history that extends back hundreds, if not thousands, of years, the interest and evidence…
Kenny Kwan and Kenneth M.C. Cheung Summary The prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has come from epidemiological and school screening studies. This chapter explores the benefits and limitations…
Dainn Woo, Thomas J. Errico, and Harry L. Shufflebarger Summary The history of scoliosis treatment can be traced to antiquity but has seen rapid development over the past 100…
Donald H. Lalonde Chapter 1 Finger Blocks and Atlas of Images of Tumescent Local Anesthetic Diffusion Anatomy FINGER BLOCK: SINGLE SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION IN THE MIDLINE PROXIMAL PHALANX WITH LIDOCAINE AND…
Alistair Phillips, Nikolas Alan Jagodzinski, Yin-Ming Huang, and Donald H. Lalonde Chapter 2 Advantages of WALANT for Patients, Surgeons, and Anesthesiologists WHAT IS WALANT? Wide awake hand surgery is well…
Orthopaedic research encompasses a wide range of clinical, basic science, and epidemiologic investigation on the embryology, growth and development, injury, and regeneration/repair of the musculoskeletal system. The single clinician-scientist working…
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also called physiatry, is a medical specialty based on the fundamentals of neuromuscular physiology, exercise physiology, and functional anatomy. Physiatry aims…
