Repetitive throwing or other overhead activity places great stress on the shoulder. As a result, the shoulder is a common site of injury in athletes. Addressing throwing-related injuries requires an…
The capsule, labrum, glenohumeral ligaments, and rotator cuff represent the static and dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint. Various injuries can occur to one or more of these structures during…
Glenohumeral instability is a common cause of shoulder disability. A wide spectrum of causes and presentations can make diagnosing subtle instability very difficult. This article describes clinical evaluation of the…
Clinical decision making for the management of foot deformities in children with cerebral palsy is based on the collection and integration of data from 5 sources: the clinical history, physical…
Functional activities of the upper extremity are limited in most individuals with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP). However, surgical interventions are applied in less than 20% of pediatric patients with…
Advances in medical and surgical care over the past 20 years have resulted in children who formerly would have died at birth or infancy now surviving well into adulthood, many…
This article discusses the sagittal gait patterns in children with spastic diplegia, with an emphasis on the knee, as well as the concept of the “dose” of surgery that is…
Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood. Orthopedic care depends on the appreciation and the identification of muscle tone abnormalities and how they affect growth and development…
Hip abnormalities affect most children with cerebral palsy. Dedicated surveillance programs have been shown to be effective means of identifying hips at risk and preventing pathologic dislocation. Patients who are…
An understanding of the three-dimensional components of spinal deformity in children with cerebral palsy is necessary to recommend treatments that will positively affect these patients’ quality of life. Management of…
