There is no agreed definition of osteoporosis in pre-menopausal women. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry recommends using Z -score, and women with Z -scores of −2.0 or lower should…
Inflammatory or erosive are terms used interchangeably to define a clinical subset of osteoarthritis of the hand (HOA), targeting interphalangeal joints and characterised by an abrupt onset, marked pain and…
Management decisions in the rheumatic diseases require an understanding of the natural history of the disorder as well as the expectation of rational therapy. However, many of the diseases treated…
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) resulted in a positive short-term outcome clinically with low treatment-related toxicity. However, early conditioning regimens were of low immunoablative…
Gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this article, we focus on innovation in vector, promoter or target genes. Gene therapy is defined as…
There has been renewed interest in the B cell as a target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over the past decade. Efficacy with rituximab has been demonstrated in…
The Identification of key players of inflammation and pathologic immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic strategies revolutionising the treatment of disease. However,…
The spectrum of arthritis ranges from erosive (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) to ossifying disease with formation of new bone (e.g., ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis). The molecular basis for these different patterns…
CP-690,550 is an orally active and selective inhibitor of the janus kinase (JAK) molecules. The molecular pathways through which the JAK moieties function are described along with the clinical mechanisms…
Therapeutic tolerance embraces the concept of ‘switching off’ immunopathology by specifically targeting elements of the immune system. It has been achievable in preclinical models of transplantation and auto-immunity for more…
