Musculoskeletal Key

Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings The technique is used to treat tendinopathy, most often the rotator cuff, the epicondylitis insertions at the elbow and the plantar fascia. Coblation has been…

Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings A biopsy is performed when tissue is needed to obtain a histological diagnosis, which is usually when a lesion is considered to be a possible…

Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings • Inflammatory arthritis, athletic activity or injury may cause a ganglion. • Pain and swelling are typical. • The tendon sheath is distended with fluid…

Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings • Chronic tendinopathy may be associated with overuse injury, athletic activity, being overweight or inflammatory arthritis. • Pain and swelling occur with impaired performance. •…

Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings • Inflammatory arthritis, chronic injury or overuse may cause inflammation/microtearing of the tendon. • Pain and swelling are present at the affected area. • Hypoechoic…

Decide whether injection is appropriate • A history and examination should be taken. • Perform a diagnostic ultrasound to confirm diagnosis. • Discuss with the patient what injection will entail…

Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings • Autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are used to treat tendinopathy. • The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has…

Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings • Autologous blood injection is used as a treatment for tendinopathy. • It is a recognised procedure in the United Kingdom. The National Institute for…

Mechanism of action Steroids act on the inflammatory cascade to reduce prostaglandin synthesis by up to 50% and to increase Interleukin-1 secretion by the synovial membranes. Steroids decrease immune cell…

A number of anaesthetics are used routinely in clinical practice. Those most commonly used are all amino amides, which are very stable in solution and metabolised by the liver. Amino…