Epidural Steroids Injection: Basics and Updates Christine El-Yahchouchi Salim M. Hayek Corning first described the delivery of drugs in the epidural space in 1885, using the local anesthetic cocaine.1 Lievre…
Neuromonitoring and the Spinal Cord Douglas A. Hollern Gregory D. Schroeder Alan S. Hilibrand Spinal cord injury (SCI) and nerve root injury are feared complications in spine surgery, and spinal…
Spinal Navigation Options (Computer-Assisted Navigation) Abdulrazzaq Alobaid Although there is no consensus and established gold standard surgical approach to the spine, it is acceptable to state that the conventional open…
Radiation Exposure in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Christina Kane Christian P. DiPaola Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) procedures typically require increased use of intraoperative imaging, which may include x-ray or…
History of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Gregory D. Schroeder D. Greg Anderson Although the earliest written descriptions of the surgical treatment for spinal pathology were reported by Paulus of Aegina…
Principles of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Chadi Tannoury Tony Tannoury D. Greg Anderson Spine surgery is a field that is rapidly growing alongside advances in imaging, surgical techniques, and instrumentation….
Internal Fixation of Tarsal Navicular Fractures Gabriella Ode Robert Anderson Sterile Instruments/Equipment • 4.0-mm partially threaded cannulated screws (titanium preferred to allow for future MRI) • Dental picks • Small…
Internal Fixation of Jones Fractures Steven L. Haddad Brian M. Weatherford Sterile Instruments/Equipment • Dental pick • Freer elevator • Small AO (wood-handled) elevator • Small point-to-point bone clamps •…
Modified Broström Procedure Danny Arora Annuziato (Ned) Amendola Introduction • Ankle sprains are common injuries in both athletes and the general population.1,2,3,4 • Most ankle sprains occur in sports, with…
Arthroscopic Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus G. Andrew Murphy Jane C. Yeoh Introduction Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) or osteochondritis dissecans of the talus was originally described…
