Musculoskeletal Key

Bone Tumors Bone tumors are either primary or metastatic. Primary bone tumors can be either benign or malignant. Radioisotope scans (99-Tc MDP) can estimate the local intramedullary extent of the…

Radiology and Imaging X-rays should be taken: WEIGHT-BEARING ANGLE AND BASE OF GAIT Feet abducted 15° Medial malleoli 2″ apart STANDARD FOOT X-RAYS A/P, Lat, MO EXPOSURE FACTORS Kilovoltage peak…

Biomechanics JOINT ROM Hip Rotation Int Ext Adults 35°-40° 35°-40° Infants/elderly 20°-25° 45°-50° Flex/extension Flex Ext Straight knee 90°-100° 10°-20° Flexed knees 120°-130° Ab/adduction Abduction 24°-60° (ave 36°) Adduction <30°…

Arthritis SYSTEMIC FEATURES OF ARTHROPATHIES System Disease Manifestation Skin Psoriatic arthritis Psoriasis Reiter syndrome Keratoderma blennorrhagica Septic arthritis (esp Neisseria gonorrhoeae) Rash Lyme arthritis Erythema chronicum migrans SLE Butterfly rash,…

Plastic Surgery SKIN GRAFTS Skin Graft Classification Autograft Skin taken from one part of the body and used to cover a wound in another part of the body. The thinner…

Cardiology ANATOMY BLOOD FLOW THROUGH HEART Superior and inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonic valve Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary veins Left atrium Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)…

Physical Therapy THERMOTHERAPY (HEAT THERAPY) Heat is used to reduce inflammation in subacute and chronic injuries. In the subacute and chronic stages of injury, ischemia and irritation occur from certain…

Neurology NERVE ANATOMY AND TERMINOLOGY Perikarya—nerve cell body Axon—transmits neural signal to other neurons or to the organ/muscle Dendrite—receives neural input from other neurons Oligodendrocytes—type of glial cell (neural support…

Peripheral Vascular Disease VIRCHOW TRIAD Virchow triad describes the three factors that are commonly associated with the formation of thrombi: 1. Stasis (arrhythmias, MI, CHF, heart failure, immobilization, obesity, varicose…

Microbiology BACTERIA FLOW SHEET VIROLOGY DNA Viruses Adenoviridae (double stranded (ds), icosahedral, nonenveloped) Human adenoviruses Found in 50% to 80% of normal human adenoid tissue (tonsils) Respiratory and conjunctival infections…