Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
The treatment of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries is a controversial topic in orthopaedic surgery. In contrast to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, for which an abundance of basic science…
Multiligament Knee Injuries
Knee ligaments are responsible for providing the static stability of the knee, control of kinematics, and prevention of abnormal rotation and/or displacement that may damage the articular surfaces or the…
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (Including Revision)
History The surgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries began in the early 1900s with attempted primary repair. Patients treated with primary repair had poor results, including recurrent instability,…
Hip Arthritis (Including Osteotomy and Total Hip Arthroplasty)
Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease caused by primary or secondary factors ( Table 90-1 ). Whereas primary osteoarthritis is believed to be caused by an interplay of genetic…
Articular Cartilage Lesion
Cartilage repair remains one of the fastest evolving areas within the field of orthopaedic surgery. Indications continue to be refined and new techniques emerge yearly, with more than 10 new…
Hand Injuries
Virtually all orthopaedic surgeons encounter athletes with hand or wrist injuries during their careers. Although not every team physician needs to be a “hand surgeon,” the frequency of these injuries…
Hip Imaging
A multitude of structural hip disorders can occur in athletes with hip pain. Although the history and physical examination play a critical role in determining the diagnosis, it is also…
Arthroscopic Synovectomy of the Knee
The synovial lining is a specialized mesenchymal tissue that is integral to the normal functioning of a joint. Synovial disorders can involve varying amounts of the synovium. Rheumatoid arthritis shows…
Femoroacetabular Impingement in Athletes
The implication that abnormal hip structure leads to secondary joint damage has been variously described for almost 100 years. However, the concept of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as a cause of…
Basics of Knee Arthroscopy
Few areas in orthopaedic surgery have grown as rapidly as knee arthroscopy. Arthroscopy often can be performed more quickly and with increased accuracy, lower complication rates, decreased hospitalization time, and…
