Biceps Tendon Sheath Injection—In-Plane Approach: Ultrasound Guidance
Abstract The biceps muscle has two heads, a long head and a short head, which attach to the scapula via individual tendons. Pathology commonly affects the long head, which is…
Suprascapular Nerve Injection—In-Plane Approach: Ultrasound Guidance
Abstract The suprascapular nerve (SSN) is a mixed nerve formed primarily by the C5 and C6 nerve roots and the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. The SSN travels deep…
Shoulder/Acromioclavicular Joint Injection—Out-of-Plane Approach: Ultrasound Guidance
Abstract There are several approaches to inject the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ). The out-of-plane technique, anterior to posterior, short axis to the joint, described in this chapter is an effective approach…
Intraarticular Shoulder Injection—Posterior Approach: Ultrasound Guidance
Abstract Using ultrasound, the glenohumeral (GH) joint can be accessed from either an anterior or posterior approach. The posterior approach, medial to lateral, described in this chapter, can prevent injury…
Intraarticular Shoulder Injections—Anterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance
Abstract Glenohumeral joint injections can be used for diagnosing intraarticular sources of pain (e.g., labral tears, degenerative joint disease), performing capsular distention for adhesive capsulitis, delivering contrast prior to magnetic…
Shoulder/Subacromial–Subdeltoid Bursa Injection—Lateral Approach: Ultrasound Guidance
Abstract The subacromial–subdeltoid bursa (SASDB) can be well visualized with the transducer placed over the lateral aspect of the shoulder with the supraspinatus tendon and acromion in the field of…
Atlantooccipital Joint Intraarticular Injection
Abstract The atlantooccipital (AO) joints uniquely connect the cervical spine (C1, the atlas) to the occiput base. AO joints are condyloid joints. Unlike the lower cervical segments, AO joints lack…
Atlantoaxial Joint Intraarticular Injection
Abstract The atlantoaxial joints are the paired articulations between the inferior articulating processes of the atlas and the superior articulating processes of the axis. These joints are primarily responsible for…
Cervical Zygapophysial Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Radiofrequency Neurotomy and Nerve Injection, Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance
Abstract Cervical radiofrequency neurotomy (i.e., denervation) (RFN) is typically performed after significant pain relief is documented with diagnostic medial branch blocks (MBB). The approach to cervical radiofrequency ablation is posterior….
Greater Occipital Nerve Steroid Injection—In-Plane Approach
Abstract The greater occipital nerve (GON) is the main sensory nerve to the occipital area and has been associated with various pain syndromes such as occipital neuralgia, cervicogenic headaches, and…
