Key Points • Tophi are macroaggregates of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and in most tissues are formed as granulomas with cellular content that includes phagocytes, mast cells, B- and T-lymphocytes,…
Abstract Arthroscopic management of rotator cuff tears is one of the greatest changes of the past 25 years. It has become a standard procedure, but the techniques are variable and…
Abstract Glenohumeral instability can present with typical patterns of injury involving consistent structures. However, the degrees of injury and structures needed to address are often less defined. The approach to…
Abstract The basics of diagnostic arthroscopy involve knowing where to place portals, understanding the external and internal anatomy of the shoulder, and having an organized approach to reviewing the structures…
Abstract Lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon can often be the source of shoulder pain. Pathology of the biceps includes “superior labrum anterior-to-posterior” (SLAP) tears, subluxation, tenosynovitis,…
Abstract To pursue or to transition to shoulder arthroscopy, the surgeon must develop technical and intellectual skills that facilitate the process. Technical skills involve tying arthroscopic knots and developing the…
Abstract Ultrasound (US) is an excellent imaging modality to diagnose rotator cuff and biceps disorders. However, US is by no means the perfect imaging modality for the shoulder, and there…
Abstract It is not clear that there is a specific definition for a massive rotator cuff tear, but it can be loosely defined as one that involves two complete tendon…
Abstract Acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathology can be divided into conditions that cause pain or conditions of instability that may cause pain or compromise function. AC joint pain can be secondary…
Abstract To perform shoulder arthroscopy, the surgeon must be familiar with the basic setup. This involves knowledge of patient preparation and positioning, the equipment and instruments used in the operating…
