Musculoskeletal Key

Hand and upper extremity injuries are often accompanied by a variety of psychological reactions related to the function of the extremity and to the perceived social acceptance of the individual,…

CRITICAL POINTS Preoperative Assessment and Management Proper selection of candidates for replantation is very important. While all attempts at reconstruction should be made, at times, the condition of the patient…

CRITICAL POINTS ▪ It is only in recent years that specific tests have been developed to assess the function of the scapula. The measurement properties of these tests are still…

CRITICAL POINTS ▪ Complex hand injuries involve multiple tissue systems. ▪ A complete history and understanding of the injury circumstance as well as a prompt and thorough examination of the…

CRITICAL POINTS ▪ The rotator cuff assists with glenohumeral joint compression, rotation, and dynamic stability. ▪ Rotator cuff injuries cover a continuum of symptoms and dysfunction, from tendinitis and small…

CRITICAL POINTS ▪ Shoulder instability can be unidirectional, bidirectional, or multidirectional. ▪ Unidirectional anterior instability is the most common pattern of shoulder instability. ▪ Instability occurs along a spectrum and…

CRITICAL POINTS ▪ The key clinical examination finding for frozen shoulder (FS) is the loss of at least 50% of passive external rotation (ER) at the side. ▪ Successful treatment…

CRITICAL POINTS ▪ Shoulder instability constitutes a spectrum of disorders that includes laxity, subluxation, and dislocation. ▪ Immobilization has little effect on outcome after traumatic dislocation. ▪ The prognosis for…

CRITICAL POINTS ▪ Lateral or medial collateral ligament surgical repair is rare in the acute selting unless there is a loss of articular support. ▪ Chronic medial collateral ligament instability…

CRITICAL POINTS ▪ The medial elbow is exposed to tensile forces, and the lateral elbow is forcefully compressed during the throwing motion, therefore both ligament complexes are at risk for…