INTRODUCTION The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the association of thrombosis, pregnancy loss, and morbidity, and certain other clinical manifestations with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) (lupus anticoagulant [LA], anticardiolipin antibodies [aCL], and/or…
INTRODUCTION Renal involvement is one of the most serious clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), contributing significantly to overall morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence in lupus varies from 31%…
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, inflammatory disorder. Its treatment warrants general anti-inflammatory measures as well as organ-specific, preventive, or focused measures concentrating on sets of commonalities. The…
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory systemic autoimmune disorder that has a very wide ranging spectrum of clinical manifestations as well as varied clinical course. It is characterized…
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is an umbrella term for a number of arthritides of unknown etiology that occur in children younger than 16 years of age. It is the most…
CASE 1 A 28-year-old man was referred to the psoriatic arthritis (PsA) clinic because of swollen toes. He developed a swollen left toe 6 to 7 years prior and was…
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the most prototypic of a group of arthritides collectively known as spondyloarthritis (SpA) that are associated with the human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA B27). The hallmarks…
CASE STUDY 1 The patient was a 62-year-old woman with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who was admitted to a tertiary center because of increasing disability and fatigue. She had been…
CASE STUDY A 32-year-old woman presents with a 4-month duration of pain rated at 8 on a scale of 1 to 10 and swelling in her hands, wrists, left elbow,…
Longitudinal Location Epiphysis, Diaphysis, and Metaphysis EPIPHYSIS The epiphysis develops separately from the growth plate as a secondary ossification center. Thus, the range of tumors seen in the epiphysis is…
