Lyme Disease
Lyme arthritis was first described in 1977 by Steere and colleagues in a cluster of children thought to have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. They lived in and around Old Lyme, Connecticut….
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Introduction Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) was first described by Kussmaul and Maier in 1866. The original and subsequent descriptions identified the pathological features of necrotizing arteritis with nodules along the walls…
Vasculitis and Its Classification
The term vasculitis indicates the presence of inflammation in a blood vessel wall. The inflammatory infiltrate may be one that is predominantly neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or mononuclear. Perivasculitis describes inflammation around…
Behçet Disease
Introduction and Historical Review In 1937, the Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behçet described the syndrome that bears his name, which manifests with the clinical triad of aphthous stomatitis, genital ulceration, and…
Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus
Etiology and Pathogenesis Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a disease of the developing fetus and neonate defined by characteristic clinical features in the presence of specific maternal autoantibodies. It is…
Enthesitis Related Arthritis
Definition and Classification Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA), a term introduced in the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is defined according to the inclusion…
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune multisystem disease characterized by thromboembolic events, pregnancy morbidity, hematological, dermatological, neurological, and other manifestations in the presence of elevated titers of antiphospholipid antibodies…
Uveitis in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Inflammatory eye diseases comprise some of the most devastating complications of childhood rheumatic diseases, especially juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Chronic (initially asymptomatic) uveitis accompanying JIA is one of the most…
Localized Scleroderma
Scleroderma refers to hard skin that develops because of an excessive accumulation of collagen. In the localized form (localized scleroderma [LS], also called morphea ), inflammation in the skin and…
Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis
The association of arthritis with psoriasis was described almost 200 years ago, but it was not reported in children until the 1950s. Juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) is a heterogeneous entity,…
