Trapezius Strain
Abstract This chapter covers the topic of trapezius strain and reviews current definitions and symptom presentation. It also discusses myofascial pain, since this is the most common reason for pain…
Cervical Dystonia
Abstract Cervical dystonia (CD) is a movement disorder characterized by inappropriate contractions of the cervical musculature related to a dysfunction of sensorimotor neural circuits. Idiopathic CD is the most common…
Cervical Degenerative Disease
Abstract Neck pain and cervical radiculopathy are frequently met conditions. In the earlier stages of life, these conditions are frequently caused by a soft disc herniation. Later on, progressive degenerative…
Skeletal Malignancies and Related Disorders
Introduction One of the challenges of pediatric rheumatology is the broad spectrum of conditions ranging from the benign to the potentially life-limiting childhood malignancies that may present with relatively nonspecific…
Noninflammatory Musculoskeletal Pain
Musculoskeletal pain of noninflammatory origin is common in childhood and is a frequent cause of referral to pediatric rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, sports medicine specialists, and primary care physicians. Noninflammatory causes…
Primary Disorders of Connective Tissue
Introduction Primary disorders of connective tissue encompass a diverse range of single gene disorders that alter the function of connective tissue cells and their extracellular matrices. The mutations have major…
Infectious Arthritis and Osteomyelitis
Musculoskeletal infection can be considered a medical emergency, and as such it is critically important for rheumatologists to make a diagnosis quickly. Accurate diagnosis is essential to successful treatment, which…
Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Many nonrheumatic systemic disorders cause musculoskeletal signs or symptoms, most commonly arthralgia, arthritis, myalgia, or bone pain. Sometimes these are trivial; however, occasionally they are the presentations of the underlying…
Pharmacology: Biologics
Biologics are different from nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in that they are produced by biologic processes rather than chemical syntheses and target specific, well-defined molecules expressed on cells or…
Kawasaki Disease
Historical Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most common vasculitides of childhood. It has the potential to cause severe complications, significant morbidity, and even mortality. Expeditious treatment can…
