Elbow Arthritis
Abstract Arthritis of the elbow refers to a loss of articular cartilage in the ulnotrochlear and radiocapitellar articulations and may also include excess bone formation in the form of osteophytes….
Scapular Winging
Abstract Scapular winging indicates a prominence of the vertebral border of the scapula. There is an association with numerous medical conditions or injuries that ultimately affect glenohumeral and scapulothoracic biomechanics….
Shoulder Arthritis
Abstract Osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint occurs when there is loss of articular cartilage that results in narrowing of the joint space. Synovitis and osteocartilaginous loose bodies are commonly associated….
Rotator Cuff Tear
Abstract Rotator cuff tear occurs because of direct trauma or degeneration and can involve partial- or full-thickness. Degenerative rotator cuff tear tends to occur in adults over 40 years of…
Lateral Epicondylitis
Abstract The term lateral epicondylitis describes inflammation, pain, or tenderness in the region of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Although epicondylitis implies an inflammatory process, inflammatory cells are not…
Labral Tears of the Shoulder
Abstract The glenoid labrum is a densely fibrous tissue that is located along the periphery of the glenoid portion of the scapula. It functions to provide increased stability, while still…
Medial Epicondylitis
Abstract Medial epicondylitis describes inflammation, pain, or tenderness in the region of the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Although epicondylitis implies an inflammatory process, inflammatory cells are not identified histologically….
Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Abstract The rotator cuff is composed of subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles and serves as stabilizer of the shoulder joint. Rotator cuff disease, one of the common causes…
Suprascapular Neuropathy
Abstract Once considered a diagnosis of exclusion, suprascapular neuropathy (SN) is now becoming a well-recognized condition stemming from traction or compression of the suprascapular nerve. The indirect course of the…
Glenohumeral Instability
Abstract Shoulder instability represents a spectrum of disorders ranging from shoulder subluxation to shoulder dislocation. The glenohumeral joint has a high degree of mobility at the expense of stability supported…
