Coccydynia
Abstract Coccydynia is pain in the vicinity of the coccygeal bone involving the sacrum, coccyx, or adjacent soft tissue. Variants include levator ani syndrome and proctalgia fugax. It is most…
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Abstract Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is an enigmatic condition that is often difficult to treat. CRPS type I does not involve injury to a nerve, whereas type II does…
Chronic Pain Syndrome
Abstract Chronic pain syndrome is a common and challenging disorder. It is often a constellation of presenting symptoms that develop and persist beyond a reasonable expected healing period for the…
Ankle Sprain
Abstract Ankle sprains are a common cause of morbidity in the general and athletic population. The majority of sprains involve the lateral aspect of the ankle, affecting the anterior talofibular…
Arachnoiditis
Abstract Arachnoiditis is the development of chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the arachnoid and pia layers of the meninges from physical or chemical irritation. As arachnoiditis progresses, inflammation can…
Morton’s Neuroma
Abstract Morton’s neuroma refers to a compressive neuropathy of the interdigital nerve along the distal edge of the intermetatarsal ligament in the third webspace. Clinical history and physical exam can…
Tibial Neuropathy (Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome)
Abstract Tibial mononeuropathy at the ankle, also known as tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS), and the tibial branch neuropathy referred to as Baxter neuropathy (BN) are both entrapment neuropathies of branches…
Abdominal Wall Pain
Abstract Abdominal wall pain, a specific subset of abdominal pain, is often overlooked by healthcare providers. It is estimated that 2% to 3% of patients with an initial complaint of…
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Abstract Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of acquired flatfoot in the adult. It occurs when the posterior tibial tendon becomes chronically inflamed and stressed (tendinosis) or…
Hallux Rigidus
Abstract Hallux rigidus is arthritis of the big toe metatarsophalangeal joint. It is the commonest arthritic condition of the foot, second only to hallux valgus (bunion) associated with the big…
