Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Occipitocervical fixation techniques have evolved significantly from early occipitocervical wiring techniques to the current rod-screw-occipital plate constructs. Indications for occipitocervical fixation include traumatic injuries, congenital malformations,…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Cervical deformity correction commonly includes kyphosis correction, regional sagittal balance restoration, and correction of the chin-brow vertical angle to restore horizontal gaze, decrease cantilever forces at…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global health care challenge. The increased susceptibility to coinfection in the presence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the emergence…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis C2 translaminar screws are an effective method for fixation of the C2 vertebra. Compared with other techniques, this procedure is technically less demanding and has potentially…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Image-guided spinal navigation is a computer-based surgical technology designed to improve intraoperative orientation to the nonvisualized anatomy during both conventional and minimally invasive spinal procedures. This…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Adjacent level disease is a relatively frequent clinical finding in cervical spine surgery. An overall rate of approximately 3% per year can be expected in patients…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The goals of individual minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches in the cervical spine are to minimize disruption of the normal anatomic structures, to diminish soft tissue…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Although many different fixation techniques have been developed to manage atlantoaxial instability, C1 lateral mass–C2 pedicle screw fixation has emerged as a preferred treatment, based on…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Nonunions and implant failures of the cervical spine indicate a failure to stabilize the spine biomechanically. The most difficult failures to reconstruct are multilevel corpectomy procedures….
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Vertebral artery injury during cervical spine surgery is a rare but devastating complication. The vertebral artery is most susceptible to injury anteriorly at C7, laterally from…
