Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Surgical decompression of the neural elements is of paramount importance in all spinal procedures, especially those of cervical myelopathy. Neural compression at the level of the…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Cervical deformity is disruption of normal cervical alignment. This chapter focuses on the different causes of cervical deformity, normative data, and deformity evaluation and examination and…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The spine is the most common site of metastatic disease involving bone. The cervical spine is less often affected by metastatic disease, yet metastasis still occurs…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Primary tumors of the spinal cord comprise 5% to 15% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. They can be divided into two main categories based…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Cervical disk degeneration becomes more prevalent with increasing age and can affect both male and female patients equally. Genes associated with disk degeneration include those coding…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis This chapter discusses the application of various intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) techniques (also known as modalities) during cervical spine surgery, namely, somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs), transcranial electrical…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Vertebral artery injuries (VAIs) are becoming increasingly recognized as more screening protocols are being used. Angiography is the gold standard, but many centers are using computed…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Conventional radiographs and computed tomography (CT) imaging are integral parts of the evaluation of a patient with suspected cervical spine abnormalities. The treating clinician must have…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious worldwide health problem, often resulting in significant morbidity and permanent neurologic deficits. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is spinal cord dysfunction accompanying age-related degeneration of the cervical spine. The lack of prospective studies of its natural history and vague…
