INTRODUCTION Nonvascularized grafting for scaphoid nonunion has been undertaken for many years, and wide-ranging results have been reported for various techniques. These techniques include the use of either cancellous or…
INTRODUCTION ∗ The author wishes to recognize the contributions of Charles A. Goldfarb, MD, and Martin I. Boyer, MD, and their collaborative efforts in creating the anatomic dissections used in…
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The bones that make up the carpal wrist have names with ancient origins. The name of the scaphoid is derived from the Greek word scaphe, meaning boat or…
INTRODUCTION ∗ To Melissa, Ethan, and Connor for your understanding and support. Distal radius fractures are one of the most common injuries treated by orthopedic and hand surgeons. They account…
INTRODUCTION In the middle of the 19th century, Rüdinger was the first to describe the presence of innervation in ligaments. In his macroscopic study on the neural anatomy of human…
History and Background • First described in 1931 by Burman in a cadaver study. However, he declared “that it is impossible to separate the head of the femur from the…
Introduction Arthroscopy of the wrist is commonly used for the evaluation and treatment of multiple wrist disorders including chronic wrist pain, interosseous ligament tears, triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, ganglion cysts,…
Introduction • The knee was the first joint to be examined arthroscopically and many of the fundamental principles for arthroscopy were originally developed for the knee. ▪ First knee arthroscopy…
Introduction Elbow arthroscopy is a technically demanding procedure that may be used to evaluate and treat a variety of elbow disorders. Appropriate patient selection and knowledge of elbow anatomy, especially…
Introduction • The modern era of management of shoulder pathology began in the 1930s with the work of Codman. ▪ Significant contributions to understanding of rotator cuff pathology originated with…
