C2 Translaminar Screw Fixation
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis C2 translaminar screws are an effective method for fixation of the C2 vertebra. Compared with other techniques, this procedure is technically less demanding and has potentially…
Image-Guided Navigation for Cervical Spine Surgery
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Image-guided spinal navigation is a computer-based surgical technology designed to improve intraoperative orientation to the nonvisualized anatomy during both conventional and minimally invasive spinal procedures. This…
Adjacent Segment Disease
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Adjacent level disease is a relatively frequent clinical finding in cervical spine surgery. An overall rate of approximately 3% per year can be expected in patients…
Minimally Invasive Techniques for the Cervical Spine
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The goals of individual minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches in the cervical spine are to minimize disruption of the normal anatomic structures, to diminish soft tissue…
C1 Lateral Mass and C2 Pedicle Screw Fixation
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Although many different fixation techniques have been developed to manage atlantoaxial instability, C1 lateral mass–C2 pedicle screw fixation has emerged as a preferred treatment, based on…
Nonunions and Implant Failures of the Cervical Spine
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Nonunions and implant failures of the cervical spine indicate a failure to stabilize the spine biomechanically. The most difficult failures to reconstruct are multilevel corpectomy procedures….
Vascular Injuries
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Vertebral artery injury during cervical spine surgery is a rare but devastating complication. The vertebral artery is most susceptible to injury anteriorly at C7, laterally from…
Cervical Pedicle Screws
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Cervical pedicle screws offer a biomechanical advantage over other types of posterior cervical instrumentation, but at the expense of increased risk of iatrogenic neurovascular injury. Careful…
Wound Complications
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Wound complications, namely infection and dehiscence, are some of the most common adverse events following spinal surgical procedures. These complications can incur substantial morbidity and financial…
Posterior Cervical Endoscopic Laminoforaminotomy
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The surgical treatment of unilateral cervical radiculopathy with a minimally invasive, microendoscopic technique is reviewed. Important surgical techniques, as well as indications and contraindications, are discussed….
