Elbow Injuries
General Principles History and Physical Examination History • Hand dominance • Location • Medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior • Type of pain • Radiating symptoms • Numbness/tingling • Stiffness •…
Maxillofacial Injuries
General Principles Epidemiology • 3%–29% of facial injuries are a result of sporting activities • 60%–90% of facial injuries in sports occur in males aged 10–29 years • Approximately 75%…
Eye Injuries
General Principles • Over 42,000 sports- and recreation-related eye injuries were reported in 2000: of these, 72% occurred in individuals younger than 25 years and 43% in people younger than…
Neck Injuries
General Principles Cervical spine injuries are most often seen in football and hockey but have occurred in wrestling, rugby, baseball, lacrosse, and mountain biking. Anatomy • There are seven cervical…
Head Injuries
General Principles • Head injuries in sports are comparatively mild compared with those in high-velocity motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), yet they remain significant and important injuries for team physicians to…
Comprehensive Rehabilitation of the Athlete
General Principles • The overall goal of rehabilitation is to enhance the recovery of injured tissues and avoid stresses that may prove deleterious to the healing process. • This is…
Physical Modalities in Sports Medicine
General Principles Modalities are best thought of as an adjunct to the body’s own recovery process. It would be a mistake to think of them as all that any patient…
Connective Tissue and Rheumatologic Problems in Athletes
Connective Tissue Disorders Marfan Syndrome Overview: Inheritable autosomal-dominant genetic condition that affects the processing of fibrillin; it is caused by >400 mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1 (FBN-1), located on…
Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sports
General Classification of Musculoskeletal Sports Injuries Musculoskeletal sports injuries can be classified as traumatic or overuse injuries. Traumatic Injuries Description: Result from specific episode(s) of trauma, whether recent (acute) or…
Skin Problems in the Athlete
General Principles • Skin infections account for 21% of illnesses and injuries reported in collegiate and 8.5% in high school sports. • In collegiate sports, skin infections account for 1%–2%…
