Pain Management: Acute Pain
Abstract Acute pain is the physiologic response and experience to noxious stimuli that is normally sudden in onset and influences behaviors to avoid actual or potential injury to tissue. The…
Neurovascular Disorders: Arterial Conditions in Athletes
Abstract Vascular injury can occur with severe traumatic injury or joint dislocation. In contrast, chronic stress or overuse may cause either damage to the vascular system or symptoms referable to…
Osteoporosis and Osteopenia
Abstract Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common skeletal disorders characterized by decreased bone mass, disruption of bony microarchitecture with loss of trabeculae, diminished bone strength, and an increased risk of fracture….
Neurovascular Disorders: Nerve Entrapment
Abstract Peripheral nerve entrapments can be due to such causes as constrictions through soft-tissue structures, space-occupying lesions, and external compressive forces. They typically present with a characteristic sensory and/or motor…
Infections (Septic Joint, Septic Arthritis, and Osteomyelitis)
Abstract Osteomyelitis can take on both acute and chronic forms. Chronic osteomyelitis involves the development of necrotic bone and can involve complications such as sinus tract formation. Osteomyelitis can develop…
Special Populations: Female Athletes
Abstract The female athlete comprises a unique athletic population that carries with it its own subset of considerations. Two common circumstances exclusive to female athletes include the female athlete triad…
Special Populations: Athletes
Abstract A substantial portion of the population competes in athletic events at the grade school, high school, collegiate, master, recreational, and professional levels. A preparticipation physical examination should be performed…
Special Populations: Comorbidities
Abstract In this chapter we will review common comorbidities that may affect participation in physical activity, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, and obesity. Keywords Comorbidity, diabetes mellitus,…
Special Populations: Obesity
Abstract Obesity is a worldwide epidemic affecting both adults and children. This chapter explores the trends in obesity prevalence, the effects that obesity exerts on one’s body, and the methods…
Orthopaedic Terminology
Abstract Musculoskeletal complaints account for some of the most common presentations to physicians. A thorough working knowledge of basic anatomy, function, and movement is essential for prompt diagnosis and appropriate…
