Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis
The association of arthritis with psoriasis was described almost 200 years ago, but it was not reported in children until the 1950s. Juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) is a heterogeneous entity,…
Arthropathies of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Definition and Classification The arthropathies of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be defined as any noninfectious arthritis occurring before or during the course of Crohn’s disease (CD), indeterminate colitis (IC),…
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease
Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are inflammatory conditions with characteristic signs and symptoms defining specific disorders. Classification criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology have provided guidelines for diagnosis in…
Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Definitions Chronic childhood arthritis affecting five joints or more during the first 6 months of disease is defined as polyarthritis. The International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification system…
Laboratory Investigations
Introduction Over the past 80 years, the role of laboratory investigation in rheumatic diseases has progressed from reports of curious in vitro phenomena in diseases defined purely on clinical grounds…
Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Definition Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is defined as a chronic inflammatory arthritis of unknown origin that begins before the age of 16 and persists for at least 6 weeks…
Sjögren Syndrome
The syndrome of chronic inflammation of the exocrine glands, principally the salivary and lacrimal glands, was first described by Henrik Sjögren, a Swedish ophthalmologist, who published in 1933 the first…
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Arthritis is one of the most common chronic diseases of children and youth, and an important cause of short- and long-term disability. There are many causes of chronic arthritis, but…
Pharmacology and Drug Therapy: Nonbiologic Therapies
The principal drugs used in pediatric rheumatology are drugs that suppress the inflammatory and immune responses. This chapter outlines important general principles relating to these medications, particularly as they apply…
Occupational and Physical Therapy for Children with Rheumatic Diseases
The goal of occupational and physical therapy in the treatment of children with rheumatic diseases is to enable them to participate in all the activities of everyday life. Integrating cultural…
