Diabetic Foot
KEY FACTS • Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease resulting from defects in insulin secretion &/or resistance to insulin action, which culminates in systemic hyperglycemia, which can have negative effects,…
Cavus/Neuromuscular Foot
KEY FACTS • The foot is a complex “machine” consisting of many bones and joints kept in a fine balance by many extrinsic (leg) and intrinsic (foot) muscles. • Any…
Physical Examination and Imaging
KEY FACTS • A thorough physical examination includes the following components: ○ Inspection ○ Palpation ○ Assessment of motion ○ Strength testing ○ Examination of vascular status ○ Stability assessment…
Orthotics and Prosthetics
KEY FACTS • The use of orthotic devices varies in a fairly significant way depending on the training and background of the prescribing practitioner. ○ Various practitioners, including orthopaedic surgeons,…
Sacral Fractures
Sacral Fractures Raj Gala Andrew H. Milby Keith Michael Illustrative Case 1 A 29-year-old male with no past medical history sustained a skydiving injury after a hard landing (Figure 35-1)….
Operative Treatment of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
Operative Treatment of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures John P. Kleimeyer Ehsan Saadat Keith W. Michael Indications/Considerations Goals for operative treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures include adequate decompression and fracture stabilization. Direct…
Operative Treatment of Hangman’s Fractures
Operative Treatment of Hangman’s Fractures Christopher T. Martin Keith W. Michael John M. Rhee Radiologic Assessment—Key Factors to Consider on X-ray, MRI, CT The need for operative intervention is dependent…
Direct Lateral Interbody Fusion: Standard and Anterior Column Realignment
Direct Lateral Interbody Fusion: Standard and Anterior Column Realignment Mathew Cyriac Keith Michael Illustrative Case A 70-year-old female with bilateral buttock and leg pain worse with standing/walking and significant relief…
