Implant-Free Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Using Soft-Tissue Fixation Shital N. Parikh INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis/Historical Perspective The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) has been identified as the primary medial restraint for lateral patellar…
Quadricepsplasty for Congenital Dislocation of The Patella and Patellar Tendon Shortening for Patella Alta Jack Andrish QUADRICEPSPLASTY Pathogenesis Congenital dislocation of the patella may be classified as obligatory or fixed.1…
Chondral Lesions and Patellar Instability Tan Si Heng Sharon Hui James Hoi Po INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Patellar instability is the leading cause of cartilage damage in physically active children and adolescents,…
Open Proximal Trochleoplasty (Grooveplasty) Betina B. Hinckel Andreas H. Gomoll Elizabeth A. Arendt INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Lateral patellar dislocation is an important cause of knee injuries with associated hemarthrosis, especially in…
Thin Flap Trochleoplasty Manfred Nelitz INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Trochlear dysplasia is known to be a major risk factor for patellofemoral instability.1,2,3,4 Dejour et al5 found that 96% of patients with a…
Osteochondral Fracture and Patellar Instability Eric J. Wall Shital N. Parikh INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis An osteochondral injury can occur in up to 71% to 93% of patients during an acute patellar…
Sulcus-Deepening (Lyon) Trochleoplasty Marco Valoroso Giuseppe La Barbera Guillaume Demey David Dejour INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis The patellofemoral (PF) joint has a low degree of congruency by nature; therefore, it is more…
Arthroscopic Trochleoplasty Lars Blønd INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Biomechanics have demonstrated that trochlear dysplasia significantly affects the kinematics of the patellofemoral (PF) joint and negatively influences the stabilizing forces of the patella.1,2…
Lateral Retinacular Release and Lengthening Elliot Sappey-Marinier Nathan White Elvire Servien INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Lateral retinaculum is an important stabilizer of patella, and the role of lateral retinacular release (LRR) for…
Lateral-Facet Elevating Trochleoplasty Simon Donell Iain McNamara INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Trochlear dysplasia is a known risk factor for patellar instability. Lateral elevation trochleoplasty was first described by Albee in 1919.1 He…
