Musculoskeletal Key

Surface landmarks of the foot Surface landmarks of the left foot From the front and above (dorsal surface, dorsum) From behind From the front, in inversion From the front, in…

Images of the foot and ankle Radiographs From above (dorsoplantar view) Lateral view The view in A looks down on to the dorsum of the right foot in front of…

Most foot and ankle surgery is performed in the day care setting. A combination of regional or field block with or without general anaesthesia allows faster patient recovery and better…

MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION Gluteus maximus From the posterior gluteal line of the hip bone, the dorsal surface of the lower part of the sacrum and the side of…

BRANCHES OF THE FEMORAL ARTERY Giving off the following before becoming the popliteal artery Superficial epigastric Superficial circumflex iliac Superficial external pudendal Deep external pudendal Profunda femoris , giving off…

GENERAL KEY POINTS The lymphatic system has four major functions: 1. Produce, store and re-circulate lymphocytes , cells mainly responsible for immune response in the body. 2. Store macrophages (phagocytes)….

Lower limb survey Bones, muscles and surface landmarks of the left lower limb, from the front Bones of the left lower limb, from the front Muscles of the left lower…

BRANCHES OF THE LUMBAR PLEXUS Muscular T12, L1, 2, 3, 4 to psoas major and minor, quadratus lumborum and iliacus Iliohypogastric and ilio-inguinal L1 to parts of internal oblique and…

Thigh Front of the right upper thigh (female) Part of the fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh, 14) has been removed to display the femoral vessels and nerve and…