Thin Flap Trochleoplasty
Thin Flap Trochleoplasty Manfred Nelitz INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Trochlear dysplasia is known to be a major risk factor for patellofemoral instability.1,2,3,4 Dejour et al5 found that 96% of patients with a…
Osteochondral Fracture and Patellar Instability
Osteochondral Fracture and Patellar Instability Eric J. Wall Shital N. Parikh INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis An osteochondral injury can occur in up to 71% to 93% of patients during an acute patellar…
Sulcus-Deepening (Lyon) Trochleoplasty
Sulcus-Deepening (Lyon) Trochleoplasty Marco Valoroso Giuseppe La Barbera Guillaume Demey David Dejour INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis The patellofemoral (PF) joint has a low degree of congruency by nature; therefore, it is more…
Arthroscopic Trochleoplasty
Arthroscopic Trochleoplasty Lars Blønd INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Biomechanics have demonstrated that trochlear dysplasia significantly affects the kinematics of the patellofemoral (PF) joint and negatively influences the stabilizing forces of the patella.1,2…
Lateral Retinacular Release and Lengthening
Lateral Retinacular Release and Lengthening Elliot Sappey-Marinier Nathan White Elvire Servien INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Lateral retinaculum is an important stabilizer of patella, and the role of lateral retinacular release (LRR) for…
Lateral-Facet Elevating Trochleoplasty
Lateral-Facet Elevating Trochleoplasty Simon Donell Iain McNamara INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Trochlear dysplasia is a known risk factor for patellar instability. Lateral elevation trochleoplasty was first described by Albee in 1919.1 He…
Tibial Tubercle Distalization
Tibial Tubercle Distalization Scott Smith David C. Flanigan Robert A. Magnussen INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Recurrent patellar instability predominately affects young, active people and has been attributed to a combination of patient…
Lateral-Facet Lengthening Trochleoplasty
Lateral-Facet Lengthening Trochleoplasty Roland M. Biedert INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Normal patellofemoral stability is guaranteed by the complex interaction of skeletal geometry, soft tissues, and neuromuscular control.1 The shape of the femoral…
Tibial Tuberosity Anteromedialization Osteotomy
Tibial Tuberosity Anteromedialization Osteotomy William R. Beach INTRODUCTION John Fulkerson, MD, described the anteromedialization (AMZ) of the tibial tuberosity in 1983.1 His landmark work blended two well-known procedures that had…
Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Medial Patellar Instability
Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Medial Patellar Instability Shital N. Parikh Michael G. Saper INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis Lateral retinaculum contributes not only to medial restraint of the patella but also to…
