10.1055/b-0034-92482 ACI and MACIElizaveta Kon, Giuseppe Filardo, Alessandro Di Martino, and Maurilio Marcacci The ultrastructure of articular cartilage is unique: chondrocytes are sparsely distributed within the surrounding matrix, maintaining minimal…
10.1055/b-0034-92478 Using Animal Models in Osteoarthritis Biomarker ResearchBridget C. Garner, Aaron M. Stoker, Keiichi Kuroki, Richard Evans, Cristi Reeves Cook, and James L. Cook Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by morphologic,…
10.1055/b-0034-92475 Staging and ComorbiditiesChristian Lattermann and Matthew R. Luckett Articular cartilage injuries are common.1–3 The spectrum of these injuries ranges from small, superficial defects (focal chondral defects) to complete degenerative…
10.1055/b-0034-92477 Evolving Biomarkers in OsteoarthritisDebabrata Patra and Linda J. Sandell Accurate and efficient diagnosis and prognosis are central to effective patient care. Localized pain, discomfort, or an annual check-up is…
10.1055/b-0040-176969 28 Distal Radius and Galeazzi FracturesNicholas E. Crosby and Jue Cao Introduction Distal radius fractures are common orthopaedic conditions and these represent a large percentage of injuries treated in…
10.1055/b-0040-176968 27 Radius and Ulna Shaft FracturesRobert J. Wetzel Introduction Fractures of the shaft of the radius and ulna (both bone forearm fractures) often occur from high-energy trauma, axial load…
10.1055/b-0040-176966 25 Olecranon and Monteggia FracturesEdward A. Perez and Eric A. Barcak Introduction Fractures of the olecranon occur commonly in both young and elderly patients. This chapter will review important…
10.1055/b-0040-176990 49 Cervical Spine TraumaCarlo Bellabarba, Haitao Zhou, and Richard J. Bransford Introduction Injuries of the cervical spine, particularly when associated with spinal cord injury (SCI), rank among the costliest…
10.1055/b-0040-176986 45 Calcaneus FracturesChristiaan N. Mamczak and Kevin C. Anderson I. Preoperative History and physical examination Pain: Moderate to severe hindfoot pain is common. Rule out associated ankle injuries (i.e.,…
10.1055/b-0040-176984 43 Ankle Fractures and DislocationsMichael T. Archdeacon and Adam P. Schumaier Introduction Ankle fractures and fracture dislocations are the most frequent intra-articular fracture of the weight-bearing joints. Approximately 70%…
