Musculoskeletal Key

Artificial Intelligence in Spasticity Assessment

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Artificial Intelligence in Spasticity Assessment

This article examines artificial intelligence (AI) applications in spasticity assessment, analyzing technological innovations from 2020 to 2024 literature. Key findings demonstrate potential. Sensor-based systems achieve 91% to 94% accuracy in…

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Neuromuscular Maladaptive Changes in Spastic Muscles and Implications for Spasticity Management

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Neuromuscular Maladaptive Changes in Spastic Muscles and Implications for Spasticity Management

This article reviews the neuromuscular maladaptation in spastic muscles, including motor unit remodeling, muscle fiber changes, and the accumulation of hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix, and fibrosis of connective tissues…

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Peripheral Neuromodulation for Spasticity

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Peripheral Neuromodulation for Spasticity

This narrative review synthesizes current understanding of peripheral neuromodulation for spasticity. It navigates the spectrum of electrical and mechanical techniques, elucidating their operative mechanisms and clinical utility. The potential of…

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Do Physical Modalities Have a Role in Spasticity Management?

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Do Physical Modalities Have a Role in Spasticity Management?

This narrative review examines the potential role of physical modalities in the multidisciplinary management of spasticity, focusing on their physiologic mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and integration with pharmacologic and rehabilitative strategies….

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Patients’ Lived Experiences of Spasticity

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Patients’ Lived Experiences of Spasticity

Spasticity is an individual, sensory-motor experience that is correlated with nonmotor symptoms of pain, fatigue, and dysesthesia. Patients and clinicians may have different understandings of spasticity. This discrepancy is complicated…

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Chronic Spasticity Care

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Chronic Spasticity Care

Chronic spasticity is a dynamic, multifactorial condition that demands continuous, personalized management. This article reviews the evolving pathophysiology of spasticity, emphasizing the interplay of neural hyperexcitability and structural muscle changes….

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Disparities in Spasticity Access and Care

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Disparities in Spasticity Access and Care

Disparities in spasticity care contribute to preventable morbidity and unequal rehabilitation outcomes. Structural inequities in health care access, underrepresentation in clinical trials, and limited awareness of spasticity in underserved populations…

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Pain Management Across Special Populations

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Pain Management Across Special Populations

Chronic pain is increasing in prevalence worldwide, and practitioners should stay up to date regarding best practices for this population of patients. Certain populations can be more vulnerable to chronic…

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The Brain in Pain

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on The Brain in Pain

Central pain syndromes arise from direct damage to, or dysfunction of, the central nervous system. This article traces the advances of pain theory from early human history to modern medical…

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Short Circuit

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Short Circuit

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and are expressed widely within the central nervous system on neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. TLRs…

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