Musculoskeletal Key

Current Concepts for Nerve-Based Procedures to Treat Upper Limb Spasticity

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Current Concepts for Nerve-Based Procedures to Treat Upper Limb Spasticity

This article reviews nerve-based surgical approaches for treating upper-limb spasticity, focusing on their anatomic targets and functional outcomes. Central procedures, like selective dorsal rhizotomy and contralateral C7 transfer, reduce tone…

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Current Concepts to Muscle-Based Procedures to Treat Upper Limb Spasticity

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Current Concepts to Muscle-Based Procedures to Treat Upper Limb Spasticity

Muscle-based procedures have been the mainstay of surgical treatment of spastic upper limb deformities, in particular when muscle contractures are a main contributor to the deformity. The type of muscle-based…

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Current Concepts to Muscle-Based Procedures to Treat Upper Limb Spasticity

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Current Concepts to Muscle-Based Procedures to Treat Upper Limb Spasticity

Spastic forearm, wrist, and hand deformities in isolation or collectively can markedly hinder function and/or provide challenges with hygiene. When muscle contracture is the main contributor to the spastic deformity,…

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Emerging Role of Cryoneurolysis in Spasticity Management

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Emerging Role of Cryoneurolysis in Spasticity Management

Cryoneurolysis is a minimally invasive procedure, guided by ultrasound and electrical stimulation, that uses controlled freezing to manage spasticity by inducing reversible axonotmesis. It has shown promising outcomes in adult…

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Relationship Between Spinal Reflexes and Spastic Movement Disorders

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Relationship Between Spinal Reflexes and Spastic Movement Disorders

The central nervous system (CNS) generates various motor functions, in part by modulating the excitability of spinal reflex pathways. When a reflex becomes not modulable or its modulation becomes impaired…

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Can Spasticity Be Prevented? Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Can Spasticity Be Prevented? Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Spasticity is a common and disabling consequence of central nervous system injury that evolves progressively over time. Although traditionally viewed as an unavoidable sequela, emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests…

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Artificial Intelligence in Spasticity Assessment

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Artificial Intelligence in Spasticity Assessment

This article examines artificial intelligence (AI) applications in spasticity assessment, analyzing technological innovations from 2020 to 2024 literature. Key findings demonstrate potential. Sensor-based systems achieve 91% to 94% accuracy in…

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Neuromuscular Maladaptive Changes in Spastic Muscles and Implications for Spasticity Management

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Neuromuscular Maladaptive Changes in Spastic Muscles and Implications for Spasticity Management

This article reviews the neuromuscular maladaptation in spastic muscles, including motor unit remodeling, muscle fiber changes, and the accumulation of hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix, and fibrosis of connective tissues…

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Peripheral Neuromodulation for Spasticity

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Peripheral Neuromodulation for Spasticity

This narrative review synthesizes current understanding of peripheral neuromodulation for spasticity. It navigates the spectrum of electrical and mechanical techniques, elucidating their operative mechanisms and clinical utility. The potential of…

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Do Physical Modalities Have a Role in Spasticity Management?

Jul 12, 2026 by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION Comments Off on Do Physical Modalities Have a Role in Spasticity Management?

This narrative review examines the potential role of physical modalities in the multidisciplinary management of spasticity, focusing on their physiologic mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and integration with pharmacologic and rehabilitative strategies….

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