Musculoskeletal Key

Introduction Rotator cuff pathology is commonly encountered in an orthopedic practice and can result in significant pain and dysfunction. The prevalence of rotator cuff tears in the general population is…

Introduction Approximately 18 million Americans report shoulder pain each year, of which a large percentage are attributable to rotator cuff pathology. Tears of the rotator cuff tendon are common in…

Introduction Definition The term multidirectional instability (MDI) was first described by Neer and Foster in their preliminary report in 1980, when they reported the results of open inferior capsular shift…

Introduction Posterior shoulder instability represents an array of disorders, ranging all the way from symptomatic subluxation (symptomatic, excessive translation of the humeral head on the glenoid) to multiple frank dislocation…

Introduction When Bankart originally described anterior glenohumeral instability, he described the labral tear as the essential lesion which was present in over 90% of cases. More recently, however, we have…

Background Traumatic instability of the shoulder joint is generally associated with a Bankart lesion, in which the anteroinferior glenoid labrum and inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) detach from the glenoid. ,…

Introduction Osteotomies around the knee play a pivotal role in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis. They are also used as concomitant procedures to other joint preservation techniques, such as…

Introduction Patellar instability is a common cause of knee dysfunction in adolescents and young adults, with primary patellar dislocations occurring at an incidence of 42 per 100,000 person-years. Management after…

Background Focal articular cartilage lesions or defects are common in arthroscopic surgery of the knee. Chondral defects may occur as a result of overt trauma, but can also occur because…