Overuse Meniscal Pathology
1 Background The human menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures that have bony attachments on the tibial plateau. They are connected by ligaments to each other and to the anterior cruciate ligament,…
Osteochondritis Dissecans
1 Background Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a focal abnormality that affects the subchondral bone. It can cause knee instability by a detachment of bone and cartilage fragments…
Ganglion Cyst and Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
1 ACL Ganglion Cyst 1.1 Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ganglion cyst is a microtraumatic pathology that has been found to be associated with insidious onset of chronic knee pain…
Popliteus Tendinopathy
1 Background Although tendinopathy popliteus is a common injury in athletes, it is often misdiagnosed because of the anatomical and biomechanical particularities of the popliteus muscle. Overuse of the muscle-tendon…
Biceps Femoris Tendinopathy
1 Background Biceps femoris (BF) muscle injuries are common sports injuries that can affect both recreational and elite athletes [ ]. These injuries have gained considerable attention because of the…
Pes Anserinus Syndrome
1 Background The distal insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus tendons forms a structure that resembles the goose’s foot. Therefore, this structure has been called “goose foot” (pes anserinus…
Iliotibial Band Syndrome
1 Background Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a common cause of lateral knee pain in athletes. This syndrome was first described in 1975 as a condition affecting US Marine recruits,…
Quadriceps Tendon Injuries
1 Background Microtraumatic quadriceps tendon injuries usually include conditions ranging from tendinosis to partial thickness tears to complete tendon rupture and less commonly recalcitrant tendinitis. These lesions are relatively uncommon…
Patellar Tendinopathy
1 Background Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common syndrome encountered in sports medicine. The symptoms are located in the distal extremity of the patella or in the proximal patellar tendon…
Patellofemoral Pain
1 Background Patellofemoral pain (PFP) can be defined as retropatellar or peripatellar pain resulting from physical and biochemical changes in the patellofemoral joint. It typically occurs with sport activity and…
