Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy Jacob M. Buchowski Ronald A. Lehman Jr. K. Daniel Riew DEFINITION Cervical radiculopathy is a clinical diagnosis defined by the presence of motor or sensory changes or…
Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion with Instrumentation
Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion with Instrumentation John M. Rhee Claude Jarrett DEFINITION Cervical myelopathy describes a constellation of signs and symptoms resulting from cervical spinal cord compression. Common symptoms…
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with and without Instrumentation
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with and without Instrumentation John M. Rhee Claude Jarrett Sam W. Wiesel DEFINITION Cervical spondylosis refers to degenerative conditions affecting the cervical spine, including disc…
The Team Physician
The Team Physician Introduction: the team physician The medical care of a team or squad of athletes is an integral part of the role of the sports medicine specialist, and…
Ankle and Lower Leg
Ankle and Lower Leg Examination of the ankle Inspection The ankle contains three joints: Talocrural joint. Inferior tibiofibular joint. Subtalar joint. With the feet in a symmetrical position the subtalar…
Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology What happens when we exercise? The individual response to exercise depends on a number of factors: Type of exercise stress encountered; level of training, conditioning, and nutritional and…
Hip and Pelvis
Hip and Pelvis Examination The usual presenting complaints are: Pain. Limp. Discomfort leading to reduced walking/running distances. Snapping or clicking sensation of the hip. Stiffness/reduced range of motion. Deformity. Inspection…
