Meniscal Pathology: Meniscus Anatomy
Introduction In the United States a meniscal tear is the most common diagnosis among patients undergoing knee arthroscopy, with incidence rates reported to exceed 50 people per 100,000. Patients with…
Meniscal Tears: Meniscectomy Versus Repair
Introduction Abundant research has elucidated the many biomechanical and functional characteristics of the meniscus, including its role in providing translational stability, rotational stability, proprioception and absorption of a significant proportion…
Meniscus Biomechanics
Introduction The biomechanical properties of the menisci have been extensively studied. Once thought to be a functionless structure akin to an embryonic remnant, it is now recognised that the menisci…
Anterolateral Ligament and the Anterolateral Corner
Introduction After the ‘rediscovery’ of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) by Claes et al. in 2013, there was considerable controversy regarding whether this structure even existed. Several authors reported that they were…
Posterolateral Corner of the Knee
Anatomy and Function The lateral aspect of the knee is composed of 28 unique structures that act as static and dynamic stabilisers of the knee during varus and rotational motion….
Multiligament Knee Injuries
Introduction Multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) are a challenging clinical entity because of the increased number of ligaments involved, associated injuries, diagnosis, decision making about the optimal treatment and rehabilitation. These…
Computed Tomography of the Knee Joint: Indications and Significance
Three-Dimensional Modelling and Printing in the Complex Knee There is a rapidly growing interest in three-dimensional (3D) modelling and printing in orthopaedic surgery. Advancements in imaging technology with the advent…
Repair and Reconstruction of the Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament and the Posteromedial Corner
Introduction This chapter describes the clinical background for medial knee instability and the indications for surgical treatment of medial collateral ligament (MCL) and posteromedial corner injuries. Historically, treatment of acute…
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Introduction The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the largest and strongest ligament in the knee, with a unique innate healing capacity. Therefore, as opposed to other ligaments such as the…
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Anatomy Two functional bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL), were first described in 1836 ( Fig. 6.1 ). On the femoral insertion site,…
