Splenic Cysts
Splenic Cysts Tom Jaksic Sid Johnson EPIDEMIOLOGY Splenic cysts are uncommon occurrences. They may be found incidentally or may be associated with left upper-quadrant pain, infection, hemorrhage, and unexplained splenomegaly….
Vascular Malformations
Vascular Malformations Denise W. Metry Mary L. Brandt The nomenclature used to describe vascular birthmarks has long been a source of confusion in the medical literature. A biologic classification system…
Histiocytic Proliferative Diseases
Histiocytic Proliferative Diseases Kenneth L. McClain LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS Epidemiology The incidence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is approximately 5 per million children or 1 in 25,000 live births. Based…
Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms
Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms Victor A. Lewis Douglas R. Strother Germ cell tumors (GCT) constitute 1% of cancers in children less than 15 years of age. Located mostly close…
Malignant Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Endocrine System
Malignant Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Endocrine System Victor A. Lewis Douglas R. Strother Whereas metastases from pediatric tumors to sites within gastrointestinal (GI) tract are relatively common,…
Malignant Bone Tumors
Malignant Bone Tumors Murali M. Chintagumpala The optimal management for malignant bone tumors arising in children involves a multidisciplinary approach using surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and rehabilitative therapy. Early diagnosis…
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma Murali M. Chintagumpala EPIDEMIOLOGY Retinoblastoma is a rare, highly malignant tumor of the retina of young children. Retinoblastoma is the seventh most common pediatric malignancy in the United States….
Soft-Tissue Sarcomas
Soft-Tissue Sarcomas Murali M. Chintagumpala The soft-tissue sarcomas form a diverse group of malignant neoplasms that arise from embryonal mesenchyma. As a group, these tumors are rare in children, and…
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma Douglas R. Strother Heidi V. Russell Neuroblastic tumors, which include neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma, develop from neural crest tissue. They cover a spectrum from highly malignant to benign in…
