Introduction The cases of patients suffering from complex knee injuries vary in complexity and severity. These patients may have isolated lower extremity injuries or can present with more complex injury…
Introduction The postoperative management of patients with complex knee surgery is an essential part of the overall treatment of these patients. Ensuring a well-planned postoperative process can ensure the best…
Introduction Knee injuries in children and adolescents are common. , There has been a significant increase in sport participation among young athletes in recent years, and overuse and traumatic injuries…
Pathological Conditions of the Patellar Tendon Acute Tears of the Patellar Tendon Anatomy The patellar tendon is part of the extensor mechanism of the knee that includes the quadriceps muscle,…
Epidemiology Quadriceps tendon tears are a common cause of disruption of the extensor mechanism about the knee. Quadriceps tendon tears occur more often than patellar tendon tears but less often…
Introduction Lateral patellar instability is a common knee disorder, particularly in children and adolescents. Its aetiology is multifactorial, and typically it is caused by a combination of soft tissue and…
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Limb Factors It is the author’s opinion that patellofemoral (PF) symptoms should be considered as those that arise from the joint itself and are considered intrinsic factors…
Medial Patellofemoral Anatomy Proximal Medial Patellar Complex As our understanding of medial patellofemoral anatomy continues to grow, the implications for surgical reconstruction have evolved. Whereas earlier reports focused on reconstruction…
Introduction Normal patellar tracking is mediated statically by the bone structures, passively by the soft tissue stabilisers and actively by the musculature about the knee. Patellofemoral tracking relates to contact…
Patellofemoral Instability The patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is a highly complex structure, intimately associated with the dynamic muscle activity, including the global and central control of the limb, which is linked…
