Musculoskeletal Key

1 Background Instability of the proximal tibiofibular joint (IPTFJ) is a relatively rare cause of knee pain. Patients with this condition typically have no history of trauma or injury. This…

1 Background In 1921, Sinding–Larsen and Johansson described a syndrome in adolescents that associated pain at the distal patella with fragmentation of the patellar pole on X-rays [ ]. At…

1 Background Osteochondrosis of the tibial tubercle was reported for the first time in the early 1900s. Two different physicians reported pain located in the tibial tubercle that occur during…

1 Background Bursae are located between surfaces exposed to friction and movement, often between different types of tissues like tendons and bones. Knee bursitis is a disorder related to an…

1 Background Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common syndrome encountered in sports medicine. The symptoms are located in the distal extremity of the patella or in the proximal patellar tendon…

1 Background The human menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures that have bony attachments on the tibial plateau. They are connected by ligaments to each other and to the anterior cruciate ligament,…

1 Background Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a focal abnormality that affects the subchondral bone. It can cause knee instability by a detachment of bone and cartilage fragments…

1 ACL Ganglion Cyst 1.1 Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ganglion cyst is a microtraumatic pathology that has been found to be associated with insidious onset of chronic knee pain…

1 Background Although tendinopathy popliteus is a common injury in athletes, it is often misdiagnosed because of the anatomical and biomechanical particularities of the popliteus muscle. Overuse of the muscle-tendon…

1 Background Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a common cause of lateral knee pain in athletes. This syndrome was first described in 1975 as a condition affecting US Marine recruits,…