Meniscus and Articular Cartilage Injuries
Introduction Meniscal tears and cartilage injuries are common issues in the knee of a female athlete. As female athletes are significantly more likely to suffer anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), tears…
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention
Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is of major concern in the field of sports medicine and orthopedics. From 2002 to 2014 the rate of ACL reconstructions has increased by…
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Soccer Players
Introduction Since the passing of Title IX in 1972, female participation in sports at every level has increased tremendously and continues to grow. , With that, however, the prevalence of…
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Sex-Based Differences
Introduction and Epidemiology In spite of years of research and evolving techniques, rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) continues to represent one of the most common traumatic injuries in…
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in the Female Athlete
Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common injuries seen by orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine specialists. Annually in the United States, there are 68.6 isolated…
Knee Anatomy and Biomechanics
Introduction Important morphologic differences have been found between the female and male knee. In addition to these anatomic differences, there are also significant neuromuscular differences between genders. This chapter outlines…
Hip Disorders
Hip Disorders Matthew D. Milewski Pablo Castañeda • Introduction Many different conditions can affect the hip of the growing child; some occur in childhood and some can be detected at…
Leg Disorders
Leg Disorders Ryan D. Muchow Vishwas R. Talwalkar • Introduction to Leg Deformities Children present with abnormal appearing lower extremities due to a variety of etiologies (Table 13.1) and at…
Hand and Wrist Problems
Hand and Wrist Problems Roger Cornwall • Introduction The hand and wrist are the most frequently injured parts of a child’s body,1 and the hand is the second most common…
Examination of the Injured Child
Examination of the Injured Child Anthony I. Riccio Shital N. Parikh • Introduction Although pediatric orthopedic injuries vary widely in severity, one must recall that even a seemingly innocuous musculoskeletal…
