Technique: Partial Transphyseal (Hybrid) Kristofer J. Jones INTRODUCTION Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears were once considered an uncommon injury in the skeletally immature population. The low incidence of ACL injury…
Technique: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: All-Epiphyseal Sockets Elizabeth B. Gausden Daniel W. Green Frank A. Cordasco INTRODUCTION Although previously considered uncommon in skeletally immature patients, given the strength of the…
Technique: Anderson Technique Allen F. Anderson Christian N. Anderson INTRODUCTION Intrasubstance tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have been recently reported with increasing frequency in skeletally immature patients. Epidemiologic…
Technique: Modified McIntosh Brant Sachleben Mininder S. Kocher INTRODUCTION Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were once thought to be rare occurrences among skeletally immature patients. Tibial eminence fractures…
Historical Approach: Nonoperative Morgan A. Anderson Jordan D. Metzl INTRODUCTION Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the pediatric population are predominantly in the form of tibial spine avulsion…
Gender-Specific Issues and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Moira M. McCarthy Elizabeth Cody Jo A. Hannafin INTRODUCTION Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common problem in female adolescent athletes playing cutting,…
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics Carl W. Imhauser The knee joint allows motion in all planes based on a complicated interaction between passive constraints including bones and soft tissues and the…
Epidemiology of Pediatric and Adolescent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Peter D. Fabricant Emily R. Dodwell Robert G. Marx INTRODUCTION There has been an increased interest in pediatric and adolescent anterior…
