Musculoskeletal Key

An athlete’s hands are susceptible to a variety of acute and cumulative traumas depending on their chosen sport. Depending on the timing of the injury, the immediate requirements of the…

Tendinopathies in the hand and wrist are common in athletes. This article reviews some of the common hand and wrist conditions, such as trigger digits, first dorsal compartment tendonitis, and…

Athletes are subject to traumatic and repetitive stress injuries at the elbow joint as a result of high levels of forces imparted across the elbow. Injuries can be acute to…

The elbow joint consists of the humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints. Elbow stability is maintained by a combination of static and dynamic constraints. Elbow fractures are challenging to treat…

Distal biceps tendon injuries typically occur from forced eccentric contraction against a heavy load and are more common in males than females. Most patients who rupture their distal biceps tendon…

Olecranon stress fractures are a rare upper extremity fracture that primarily affects throwing athletes. The incidence of olecranon stress fractures are increasing owing to the number of patients playing and…

Distal triceps ruptures are uncommon, usually caused by a fall on an outstretched hand or a direct blow. Factors linked to injury include eccentric loading of a contracting triceps, anabolic…

When more obvious and common causes of elbow pathology are ruled out, it is important to be aware of uncommon causes of elbow pain in throwers. The Lacertus syndrome can…

Orthobiologics are exciting tools providing promising results for difficult orthopedic conditions. In the elbow there is high-level evidence for their use in lateral epicondylopathy and encouraging evidence for other elbow…

Common flexor-pronator tendon injuries and medial epicondylitis can be successfully treated nonoperatively in most cases. Operative treatment is reserved for patients with continued symptoms despite adequate nonoperative treatment or in…