38 Patella Fractures
10.1055/b-0040-176979 38 Patella FracturesBenjamin M. Wheatley and Jean-Claude G. D’Alleyrand Introduction The patella serves a critical role in the function of the extensor mechanism by increasing its moment arm. Functioning…
37 Knee Dislocation
10.1055/b-0040-176978 37 Knee DislocationMichael G. Baraga, Hayley E. Ennis, and Dylan N. Greif Introduction A knee dislocation is the disruption of the tibiofemoral articulation. An acute knee dislocation is an…
36 Distal Femur Fractures
10.1055/b-0040-176977 36 Distal Femur FracturesAaron Johnson and Gerard P. Slobogean Introduction Distal femur fractures comprise various injury patterns ranging from high-energy trauma to low-energy fragility fractures. High-energy injuries may occur…
39 Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Ruptures
10.1055/b-0040-176980 39 Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon RupturesKyle J. Jeray and Michael D. Hunter Introduction Quadriceps and patellar tendon ruptures are relatively uncommon injuries, but proper management is essential given the…
34 Intertrochanteric, Pertrochanteric, and Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures
10.1055/b-0040-176975 34 Intertrochanteric, Pertrochanteric, and Subtrochanteric Femur FracturesThomas A. Russell Introduction The incidence of hip fractures in the United States is over 250,000 hospitalizations per year with approximately half the…
32 Hip Dislocation
10.1055/b-0040-176973 32 Hip DislocationElizabeth P. Davis and Joshua L. Gary Introduction Uncommon injury usually requiring high-energy mechanism. Ninety to 95% of patients have concomitant injuries. Four types of dislocations—posterior, anterior,…
26 Radial Head and Neck Fractures
10.1055/b-0040-176967 26 Radial Head and Neck FracturesStephen Matthew Quinnan, Nikola Lekic, and Steven P. Kalandiak Introduction Radial head and neck fractures are the most common elbow fractures (33%) with an…
29 Hand Fractures and Dislocation
10.1055/b-0040-176970 29 Hand Fractures and DislocationDavid Ring and Claire B. Ryan Introduction One-third of all injuries involve the upper extremity. Phalangeal and metacarpal fractures comprise a significant portion of upper…
23 Distal Humerus Fractures
10.1055/b-0040-176964 23 Distal Humerus FracturesJohn Michael Yingling, Richard S. Yoon, and Frank A. Liporace Introduction Distal humerus fractures comprise 7% of all fractures and 30% of all elbow fractures. Approximately…
17 Sternoclavicular and Acromioclavicular Dislocations
10.1055/b-0040-176958 17 Sternoclavicular and Acromioclavicular DislocationsRaymond Pensy Introduction Sternoclavicular (SC) Dislocations Dislocations of the SC joint are uncommon injuries which can result in significant complications. These injuries cross a wide…
