Musculoskeletal Key

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major cause of paralysis and disability, with more than one-third of all injuries occurring at the thoracic level. Injury to the thoracic spinal…

Abstract Advances in medicine, technology, and health care delivery have the potential for appreciably improving health and function of people with spinal cord injury (SCI). New discoveries provide opportunities and…

Abstract Altered speech, language, and cognitive dysfunction result from a direct insult to the brain due to various neurologic disorders. Distinctive patterns of language use have been associated with certain…

Abstract Spasticity is commonly defined as a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone with exaggerated tendon jerks resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. Spasticity is one component of the upper…

Abstract Physical medicine inspiratory and expiratory muscle aids can be used for patients with progressive neuromuscular disease to prevent acute, chronic, and acute on chronic respiratory failure, to avoid hospitalizations,…

Abstract A pressure injury is a localized damage to the skin or underlying tissue associated with pressure, or a combination of pressure and shear, in both apparently intact and open…

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory arthritis that usually affects the small joints of the hands and feet in a symmetric distribution. Without treatment, RA can cause…

Abstract Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine and the trunk; it associates a spinal pathologic curve on the frontal plane, a rotation in the horizontal plane, and a…

Abstract Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with primary pulmonary disease can have a great effect on quality of life, functional capacity, and activities of daily living as well as a…

Abstract Lumbosacral plexopathy is an injury to or involvement of one or more nerves that combine to form or branch from the lumbosacral plexus. It has been recognized as a…