Speech and Language Disorders
Abstract Altered speech, language, and cognitive dysfunction result from a direct insult to the brain due to various neurologic disorders. Distinctive patterns of language use have been associated with certain…
Spasticity
Abstract Spasticity is commonly defined as a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone with exaggerated tendon jerks resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. Spasticity is one component of the upper…
Respiratory Management of Neuromuscular Disorders
Abstract Physical medicine inspiratory and expiratory muscle aids can be used for patients with progressive neuromuscular disease to prevent acute, chronic, and acute on chronic respiratory failure, to avoid hospitalizations,…
Pressure Ulcers
Abstract A pressure injury is a localized damage to the skin or underlying tissue associated with pressure, or a combination of pressure and shear, in both apparently intact and open…
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory arthritis that usually affects the small joints of the hands and feet in a symmetric distribution. Without treatment, RA can cause…
Scoliosis and Kyphosis
Abstract Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine and the trunk; it associates a spinal pathologic curve on the frontal plane, a rotation in the horizontal plane, and a…
Rehabilitation of the Patient with Respiratory Dysfunction
Abstract Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with primary pulmonary disease can have a great effect on quality of life, functional capacity, and activities of daily living as well as a…
Plexopathy—Lumbosacral
Abstract Lumbosacral plexopathy is an injury to or involvement of one or more nerves that combine to form or branch from the lumbosacral plexus. It has been recognized as a…
Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome
Abstract During the first half of the 20th century, millions of people around the world, mostly children, acquired paralytic polio, also referred to as infantile paralysis. In 1955, polio vaccination…
Postconcussion Symptoms
Abstract Postconcussion symptoms fall into three categories: (1) physical (e.g., headaches, vertigo, fatigue); (2) cognitive (e.g., forgetfulness, difficulty learning and remembering, difficulty concentrating, slowed thinking); and (3) emotional/behavioral (e.g., insomnia,…
