Physical Modalities in Sports Medicine
General Principles Modalities are best thought of as an adjunct to the body’s own recovery process. It would be a mistake to think of them as all that any patient…
Connective Tissue and Rheumatologic Problems in Athletes
Connective Tissue Disorders Marfan Syndrome Overview: Inheritable autosomal-dominant genetic condition that affects the processing of fibrillin; it is caused by >400 mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1 (FBN-1), located on…
Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sports
General Classification of Musculoskeletal Sports Injuries Musculoskeletal sports injuries can be classified as traumatic or overuse injuries. Traumatic Injuries Description: Result from specific episode(s) of trauma, whether recent (acute) or…
Skin Problems in the Athlete
General Principles • Skin infections account for 21% of illnesses and injuries reported in collegiate and 8.5% in high school sports. • In collegiate sports, skin infections account for 1%–2%…
Cardiac Disease in Athletes
The Athlete’s Heart Definition Intense regular physical exercise can induce physiologic and morphologic cardiac changes known as “athlete’s heart”. These adaptations are considered a normal response to repetitive exercise training….
ECG Interpretation in Athletes
Introduction • Sudden death related to cardiovascular disorders is the most common cause of death among athletes during sports and exercise. • Genetic cardiovascular disorders, such as cardiomyopathies and ion…
Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm, Anaphylaxis, and Urticaria
Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm Definitions: Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is defined as a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) or peak expiratory flow rate shortly after the onset…
Neurologic Problems in the Athlete
Epilepsy and Seizure Activity in Athletes Definition Seizure: A transient disruption of brain function from abnormal, excessive, synchronous neuronal activity in the brain; its clinical manifestation depends on the specific…
The Hypertensive Athlete
General Principles • An estimated 76.4 million Americans over the age of 20 years have hypertension (HTN). • HTN is the most common cardiovascular condition observed in competitive athletes. •…
Headache in the Athlete
General Principles • Headache is one of the most common disorders and symptoms reported to primary care, the emergency department, and team physicians. • Complaints of headache account for 1%–4%…
