Musculoskeletal Key

General Principles Definition Stress fractures are fatigue-failure injuries of the bone affecting physically active people, including military recruits, track and field athletes, and ballet dancers. With the increased role of…

General Principles Articular Cartilage • Functions to decrease joint friction and distribute load across the joint; also referred to as hyaline cartilage • Composition: Water (65%–80%), collagen (10%–20%, predominantly type…

Transportation of an Athlete With Fracture or Dislocation • The need for and mode of transporting an injured athlete is determined following primary and secondary evaluations by the first responder….

General Principles • With an increased number of adults and adolescents participating in fitness programs and competitive sports, there has been an increase in thoracic and lumbar spinal problems. •…

General Principles • Leg and ankle injuries often occur concomitantly. Evaluation of one must include the other ( Fig. 56.1 ). Figure 56.1 Compartments of the leg and ankle. •…

Physical Examination Anatomy of the Knee See Fig. 55.1 . Figure 55.1 Anatomy of the knee. Observation and Measurement Standing Alignment of lower extremities: View the patient from the front,…

History • A careful history will help establish the diagnosis and formulate a treatment plan. • Important factors include the chief complaint, mechanism of injury, hand dominance, what sport the…

General Principles Overview • Injuries to the thorax and abdomen are more often seen in sports involving sudden deceleration and impact (football, ice hockey, skiing, and snowboarding). • Early recognition…

General Principles History and Physical Examination History • Hand dominance • Location • Medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior • Type of pain • Radiating symptoms • Numbness/tingling • Stiffness •…

General Principles Epidemiology • 3%–29% of facial injuries are a result of sporting activities • 60%–90% of facial injuries in sports occur in males aged 10–29 years • Approximately 75%…