Median Nerve Injuries
Median Nerve Injuries Sohaib K. Malik Alan R. Koester INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Median nerve derived from medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus contains fibers from all five nerve roots (C5-T1)….
Digital Nerve Injury
Digital Nerve Injury Rachel Michael Roy E. Schneider Margaret Jain INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Nerve layers (from deep to superficial)1 Endoneurium—Connective tissue that surrounds each axon or nerve fiber Perineurium—Strong layer of…
Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair Principles
Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair Principles D. Nicole Deal Patricia A. Drace INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Epineurium1,2,3 Circumferentially organized connective tissue layer in between and around fascicles for nourishment and protection Perineurium…
Jersey Finger
Jersey Finger Nisha J. Crouser Steven R. Niedermeier Hisham M. Awan INTRODUCTION Jersey finger is an injury to the terminal flexor mechanism at the level of the distal interphalangeal (DIP)…
Flexor Tendon Injuries
Flexor Tendon Injuries Andrew Campbell Hisham M. Awan INTRODUCTION Anatomy Flexor tendons Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) Flexor digitorum profundus…
Sagittal Band Rupture (Traumatic Extensor Tendon Dislocation)
Sagittal Band Rupture (Traumatic Extensor Tendon Dislocation) Matthew S. Torkington David J. Warwick INTRODUCTION The extensor mechanism to the fingers is a complicated arrangement of structures that contribute to finger…
Mallet Finger
Mallet Finger Steven R. Niedermeier Hisham M. Awan INTRODUCTION Mallet finger is an injury to the terminal extensor mechanism at the level of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. This can…
Extensor Tendon Injuries
Extensor Tendon Injuries Mark Henry INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Extensor mechanism—multiple origins and multiple insertions Extensor digitorum communis (EDC) and proprius tendons—extrinsic origins Interossei and lumbricals—intrinsic origins Insertions—direct at the base of…
Galeazzi Fractures
Galeazzi Fractures Maharsh K. Patel Joseph J. King INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Galeazzi fractures are defined as a fracture of the distal one-third radial shaft and associated distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) injury….
Distal Radioulnar Joint Injuries
Distal Radioulnar Joint Injuries Adam S. Martin Hisham M. Awan INTRODUCTION The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) consists of the concave, cartilage-covered sigmoid notch of the distal radius (DR) and the…
