Lower Limb Enthesis in Children
KEY POINTS • Knowledge of entheseal development in children with JIA is critical. • Ultrasound can differentiate earlier polyartheritis and enthesitis according to ILAR classification criteria. • Knowledge of the…
Training and Education in Rheumatology Ultrasound: Asian Experience
During the past few years, an increasing number of Asian rheumatologists have taken great interest in ultrasonography for its well-known advantages and wide spectrum of validated applications in daily rheumatology…
Training and Education in Rheumatology Ultrasound: Latin American and Caribbean Experience
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that there be at least one rheumatologist per 100,000 persons. In Latin America, there is an estimated need for 5000 specialists. The Pan-American…
Spondyloarthritis
KEY POINTS • Spondyloarthritis is the second most common inflammatory rheumatic disorder. • Ultrasound can visualize several pathologic conditions in spondyloarthritis: enthesitis, bone erosions, synovitis, bursitis, and tenosynovitis. • Ultrasound…
Pitfalls of Gray-Scale Artifacts
KEY POINTS • Artifacts occur frequently in gray-scale ultrasound due to the physical and technical properties of ultrasound. • Some artifacts may be avoided by modifying equipment settings and by…
Detection of Bone Erosions
KEY POINTS • An ultrasound-detected erosion is a cortical break seen in two perpendicular planes. • Ultrasound is a valid and reliable technique for detecting bone erosions. • Ultrasound is…
Enthesitis
KEY POINTS • Enthesis represents the site of insertion of tendon, ligament, fascia, or joint capsule into the bone. • Ultrasound is able to visualize the entheseal involvement in the…
The Normal Joint
KEY POINTS • Ultrasound can be used to scan and evaluate most musculoskeletal tissues. • Articular and periarticular structures may only be visualized if they fall within an acoustic window….
