Sports and Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a common clinical condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. It affects approximately 1% of the general U.S. population, with the highest incidence in infancy and childhood. Although previous…
Renal Medicine and Genitourinary Trauma in the Athlete
Trauma to the genitourinary (GU) tract is relatively uncommon because of the anatomic location of key GU organs. However, prompt recognition of the signs and symptoms associated with GU trauma…
Environmental Illness
Cold Injury Injuries relating to cold weather conditions have been described since early times, particularly in the military arena. From the time of Hannibal to the Revolutionary War, World War…
Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Definitions and Pathophysiology The ability to form a clot after injury prevents life-threatening bleeding. Clotting at improper sites (thrombosis) or clots that migrate (emboli) can block vessels and lead to…
Infectious Disease and Sports
Athletic activities and the competitive sports environment present the athlete with unique exposures and risks for infectious diseases. Infections in athletes pose a significant public health concern because of a…
The Diabetic Athlete
Definition Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism that affects millions of athletes of all types around the world. It is caused by either an absolute (type 1 diabetes)…
Basic Arthroscopic Principles
History Arthroscopic surgery originated in the early twentieth century when existing equipment was adapted for intraarticular use. During the subsequent century, and particularly in the past 30 years, arthroscopy has…
Hematologic Medicine in the Athlete
Athletic performance depends on proper functioning of the blood. From problems with the oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells to the prevention of bleeding by the hemostatic system, many hematologic…
Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm
Definition and Prevalence Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) describes acute, transient airway narrowing that occurs during and most often after exercise. EIB is characterized by symptoms of cough, wheezing, or chest tightness…
