Nerve Entrapment
Nerve Entrapment in the Shoulder Entrapment neuropathies involving the shoulder are rare but potentially debilitating conditions. Their presentation is often subtle and insidious in onset. Injuries resulting from direct trauma,…
Overview of Rehabilitation Protocols
This chapter provides rehabilitation specialists with a resource that will help them use appropriate evidence-based therapeutic exercises as they relate to specific orthopaedic protocols. Evidence from systematic reviews indicates that…
SLAP Tears
Superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions have been recognized as a cause of shoulder pain since the mid 1980s. Controversy regarding what was a normal variant and what was…
Stiff Shoulder
The structural anatomy of the glenohumeral articulation affords considerable range of motion to the shoulder. The osseous and soft tissue structures provide limited yet sufficient static and dynamic restraints to…
Proximal Biceps Tendon Pathology
Although the function of the long head of the biceps (LHB) has been long debated, its ability to generate pain in the shoulder generates little controversy. Proximal LHB pathology is…
The Thrower’s Shoulder
A shoulder injury in an overhead throwing athlete is a complex condition that can present several difficulties in both diagnosis and treatment. The ability to throw a baseball at velocities…
Other Muscle Injuries
Musculotendinous injuries—that is, sprains, strains, and complete ruptures—are the most common sports-related injuries. They can result in decreased athletic performance, chronic pain, and in some cases, long-term disability. Muscle strains…
Multidirectional Instability of the Shoulder
The shoulder is unique in that it is the most mobile joint in the human body. It serves primarily to position the hand in space and thus requires a delicate…
Posterior Shoulder Instability
Compared with anterior shoulder instability, posterior instability is relatively uncommon, occurring in 2% to 10% of cases. Electrocution and convulsive seizures are rare causes of posterior shoulder dislocation reported in…
Anterior Shoulder Instability
Anterior shoulder instability is the most common type of shoulder instability. It is typically the result of a traumatic event with dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. However, instability also may…
