Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Stimulation
Abstract Spinal cord (SC) stimulation is generally used as a last resort for patients who no longer have other treatment options. Typically, stimulators are used for patients who have undergone…
Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks—Midline: Ultrasound Guidance
Abstract Performing medial branch blocks with ultrasound guidance is an alternative method to perform diagnostic blocks. Theoretically, using ultrasound guidance negates the need of fluoroscopy, can help avoid unnecessary radiation…
Lumbar Sympathetic Block
Abstract Sympathetic nerve blocks are used to help with the diagnosis and treatment of sympathetically maintained pain. The lumbar sympathetic chain typically overlies the anterolateral aspect of the first through…
Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Radiofrequency Neurotomy—Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance
Abstract Often-used synonyms for “neurotomy” include “ablation,” “denervation,” and “lesion.” We do not recommend the term “rhizotomy” because it implies lesioning of nerve roots. Keywords ablation, lesion, low back pain,…
Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection—Supraneural (Traditional) Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance
Key Words back pain, disc herniation, epidural steroid injection, fluoroscopy, lumbar, radiculopathy, transforaminal Note: Please see pages ii , iii for a list of anatomic terms/abbreviations used throughout this…
Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Innervation, Anatomy, Dissections, and Lesion Zone Diagrams
Luis D. Baez-Cabrera Jason G. Anderson Brian F. White Michael B. Furman Note: Please see pages ii , iii for a list of anatomic terms/abbreviations used throughout this book. Fig. 15E.1 The Z-joints are…
Lumbar Zygapophysial Intraarticular Joint Injection—Posterior Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance
Abstract In this chapter, the approach described for zygapophysial joint injection involves the use of a trajectory view in an oblique orientation and advancement involving the use of a minimum…
Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection—Infraneural Approach: Fluoroscopic Guidance
Keywords disc herniation, infraneural, lumbar epidural steroid injection, preganglionic, radiculopathy, retrodiscal, spinal stenosis, transforaminal Note: Please see pages ii , iii for a list of anatomic terms/abbreviations used throughout…
Lumbar Myelography
Abstract Lumbar myelography is a radiographic study that is used to evaluate central and neuroforaminal stenosis, bony lesions, and cord compression. It is also a fairly reliable alternative for patients…
Ultrasound Techniques and Procedural Pearls
Abstract This chapter provides a basic introduction to ultrasound and its use in interventional procedures. We will discuss several ways to improve image quality and optimize the features of ultrasound…
